[Correspondence] ALND after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a call for caution We read with great interest the Article by Giacomo Montagna and colleagues,1 which addresses a pivotal question in contemporary breast cancer care—if axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) can be safely omitted in patients with residual micrometastases (ypN1mi) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Their multinational cohort provides much-needed outcome data to inform surgical de-escalation strategies. However, the significantly higher axillary recurrence rate observed… The Lancet Oncology March 30, 2026 Original source
[Correspondence] ALND after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a call for caution We read with interest the Article by Giacomo Montagna and colleagues1 evaluating oncological outcomes in patients with residual nodal micrometastatic disease (ypN1mi) following neoadjuvant systemic therapy. Although the study contributes important data on axillary management, the recommendation favouring completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer warrants cautious interpretation given key limitations and conflicting evidence. The Lancet Oncology March 30, 2026 Original source
[Comment] NICE 2026 guideline for the diagnosis and management of kidney cancer Kidney cancer is the sixth most common cancer in adults in the UK, with approximately 13 900 new cases every year.1 Kidney cancer incidence rates have almost doubled since the 1990s and are projected to rise further by 2040.2 5-year relative survival for kidney cancer in the UK is below the European average,3 and there is wide variation in provision… The Lancet Oncology March 30, 2026 Original source
[Comment] Implications of indiscriminate testing for cancer susceptibility genes Expansion of genetic testing to the general population is one of the ambitions of the UK Government's 2025 10-year Health Plan for England, as part of a strategy for transition from “sickness to prevention”.1 Identification of individuals at increased cancer risk due to pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes, leading to targeted screening and prioritisation of risk reduction strategies is… The Lancet Oncology March 30, 2026 Original source
[Comment] B7-H3 antibody–drug conjugate turning immune evasion into vulnerability Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) represent one of the most transformative advances in precision oncology over the past two decades and are increasingly positioned to replace conventional chemotherapy in several indications owing to their favourable balance between efficacy and tolerability. Trastuzumab deruxtecan exemplifies this paradigm shift, having achieved regulatory approvals across multiple HER2 (ERBB2)-expressing or HER2-mutated solid tumours, including breast, gastric, and… The Lancet Oncology March 30, 2026 Original source
[Comment] Expanding the ADT-free therapeutic landscape in oligometastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer The study published by Bastiaan M Privé and colleagues in The Lancet Oncology represents, to our knowledge, the first randomised phase 2 trial evaluating lutetium-177–PSMA-617 (177Lu-PSMA-617) in patients with oligometastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC).1 By showing that 177Lu-PSMA-617 can significantly delay disease progression while maintaining a favourable safety profile, the BULLSEYE trial expands the therapeutic horizon of PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy… The Lancet Oncology March 30, 2026 Original source
[Comment] Sentinel lymph node procedure in the era of new melanoma therapies Since 1992, the surgical treatment for melanoma has substantially changed,1 and in clinically negative nodal basin, elective lymph node dissection has been overtaken by the sentinel node biopsy (SNB) followed by complete lymph node dissection in the case of positivity to SNB at the histopathological report. Many different studies have examined these methods, looking at specific subclinical features such as… The Lancet Oncology March 30, 2026 Original source
[Comment] Antibody–drug conjugates for bladder sparing: lessons from SURE-02 trial Historically, perioperative cisplatin based neoadjuvant therapy has remained the gold standard for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In the past 5 years, several practice changing trials have enabled the incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the perioperative setting for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The phase 3 NIAGARA study led to the approval of durvalumab in combination with gemcitabine or cisplatin followed by adjuvant… The Lancet Oncology March 30, 2026 Original source
[Comment] KRASG12C inhibitor combination therapy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: choosing the right path KRAS has long been regarded as an indomitable oncogenic driver which defines a distinct and therapeutically elusive class of solid tumours. The recent advent of direct KRAS inhibitors has fundamentally altered the drug development landscape of KRAS-mutated tumours, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The first entrants in this class used a unique mechanism of action which inhibited KRASG12C by irreversibly… The Lancet Oncology March 30, 2026 Original source
[Comment] Beyond monotherapy: chemotherapy-free strategies in first-line advanced non-small-cell lung cancer For more than a decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have played a central part in the treatment landscape of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).1 These therapies have improved survival both as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy and altered expectations for patients with metastatic disease. Yet their benefit is not universal. A substantial proportion of patients (∼18%) derive little or… The Lancet Oncology March 30, 2026 Original source
[Editorial] The promise of telesurgery in oncology In early 2026, 62-year-old Gibraltar resident Paul Buxton had a successful robotic prostatectomy to treat his prostate cancer. His surgeon was 2400 km away in London, UK. In mid-2025, a surgeon in Florida, USA, performed the same surgery on a patient in Angola, Africa—the longest distance telesurgery recorded to date. Once the realm of science fiction, telesurgery is rapidly transforming… The Lancet Oncology March 30, 2026 Original source
Targeting shared neoantigens in solid tumours <p>Nature Reviews Cancer, Published online: 30 March 2026; <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41568-026-00925-z">doi:10.1038/s41568-026-00925-z</a></p>In this Journal Club, Terrazas and Peón discuss a study that identifies a recurrent CTNNB1 mutation that generates shared neoantigens amenable to engineered T cell receptor (TCR)-T cell recognition. The work demonstrates potent antitumour activity across models and highlights the potential of targeting public mutations to broaden TCR-T cell immunotherapy for… Nature Reviews Cancer March 30, 2026 Original source
HFB301001, an OX40-based immunotherapy, drives Treg clearance and CTL activation through optimized OX40 receptor clustering Background <p>OX40, a key co-stimulatory receptor that amplifies T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, is a promising immunotherapeutic target. Despite most reported OX40 agonists in clinical trials having high affinity, the relationship between affinity and agonistic activity remains complex, necessitating further clarification of affinity’s impact on OX40-based immunotherapy efficacy and its underlying mechanisms.</p> Methods <p>We generated the different affinity OX40 agonist antibodies… Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer March 30, 2026 Original source
Systemic immune profiling uncovers divergent mechanisms and predictive biomarkers of response to combination immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma Background <p>Combination immunotherapies such as atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) and durvalumab plus tremelimumab (Dur/Tre) improve outcomes in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet systemic immune mechanisms underlying response remain incompletely defined.</p> Methods <p>We performed single-cell RNA sequencing with CITE-seq on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 19 advanced HCC patients (Atez/Bev: 5 responders (R), 5 non-responders (NR); Dur/Tre: 4 R, 5 NR)… Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer March 30, 2026 Original source
RASA2 deletion rescues immune synapse dysfunction, enhancing CAR T cell efficacy against DMGs Background <p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated safety and modest efficacy against diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), a highly aggressive pediatric brain tumor. However, mechanisms of CAR T-cell resistance in DMG settings remain unknown.</p> Methods <p>We compared the efficacy of B7-H3 CAR T-cells between SJ-DIPGX7c (DMG) and U87-MG (adult glioblastoma) patient-derived cell lines and showed impaired efficacy both in… Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer March 30, 2026 Original source
Spatial and phenotypic plasticity of B cells in remodeling the tumor microenvironment <p>While cancer immunotherapy has traditionally centered on T cells, accumulating evidence highlights the dual roles of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-Bs) in both promoting and restraining tumor progression. Within tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), TIL-Bs undergo germinal center (GC) maturation and generate tumor-reactive antibodies that enhance antitumor T-cell immunity. However, in defined spatial, inflammatory, or cytokine-rich niches, B cells can acquire immunosuppressive… Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer March 29, 2026 Original source
Locoregional delivery of CAR T cells in high-grade gliomas: a systematic analysis of safety, efficacy, and emerging biomarkers of response Background <p>Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy represents a promising frontier in oncology, but its application to high-grade gliomas (HGG) is challenged by the blood-brain barrier, limited efficacy, and significant toxicities associated with systemic administration. Locoregional delivery has the potential to address these shortcomings. This systematic review evaluates the safety and efficacy of locoregional vs systemic CAR-T cell delivery for… Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer March 29, 2026 Original source
Circulating exhausted CD8+ effector memory cells differentiate immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced liver injury from other acute immune-mediated liver injuries Background <p>Checkpoint inhibitor-induced liver injury (ChILI) is an immune-related adverse reaction, occurring in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI). ChILI is currently managed with high doses of corticosteroids which carry their own risks and potential side effects, and the lack of available biomarkers makes monitoring patients at risk of developing ChILI a challenge. There is no specific test… Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer March 29, 2026 Original source
Pharmacologic targeting of the dopamine D2 receptor impacts the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma Background <p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been successful in treating advanced melanoma, yet, the 10-year melanoma-specific survival is only 52%. Our prior work using genetic linkage analysis revealed that the murine prolactin (PRL) locus associates with ICI response in C57BL/6 (B6)-syngeneic B16F0 melanoma. This was validated in F1 crosses of B6 with Collaborative Cross mice selected as potential non-responders or… Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer March 29, 2026 Original source
Liver-directed AAV-IL-10 therapy enhances CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity against hepatocellular carcinoma Background <p>The liver’s inherently immunosuppressive microenvironment presents a major barrier to effective immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although interleukin-10 (IL-10) has demonstrated antitumor activity in several cancer models, its therapeutic potential in HCC remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether liver-directed delivery of IL-10 using an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV-IL-10) could enhance antitumor immunity in HCC.</p> Methods <p>Syngeneic orthotopic and intrahepatic… Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer March 29, 2026 Original source