Spatial and phenotypic plasticity of B cells in remodeling the tumor microenvironment

<p>While cancer immunotherapy has traditionally centered on T cells, accumulating evidence highlights the dual roles of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-Bs) in both promoting and restraining tumor progression. Within tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), TIL-Bs undergo germinal center (GC) maturation and generate tumor-reactive antibodies that enhance antitumor T-cell immunity. However, in defined spatial, inflammatory, or cytokine-rich niches, B cells can acquire immunosuppressive…