Treatment of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has evolved significantly with the introduction of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Multiple phase III clinical trials have established both dual ICI (ICI-ICI) and ICI–VEGFR TKI combination therapies as standard-of-care first-line treatment regimens for patients with metastatic ccRCC.
Nivolumab and Cabozantinib Combination Therapy Demonstrates Sustained Efficacy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Annals of Oncology | | Z.A. Yochum, D.A. Braun
Topics: lung-cancer, colorectal-cancer, kidney-cancer, cervical-cancer, immunotherapy, targeted-therapy, clinical-trials