Single-cell dissection of persistent tumor antigens in non-responders reveals opportunities for TAA-targeted vaccination after neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Background <p>Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) combined with chemotherapy has demonstrated higher response rates than chemotherapy alone in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although tumor microenvironment (TME) features associated with treatment response have been studied in the contexts of both chemotherapy and immunotherapy, direct comparisons of these characteristics and their implications for novel therapeutic development remain largely unexplored.</p> Methods…