Toward organ preservation in thoracic malignancies: why interpretable multimodal radiopathomics matters in the neoadjuvant immunotherapy era

<p>Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has increased rates of pathological complete response (pCR) in thoracic malignancies and has renewed interest in organ-preserving strategies. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the Surgery As Needed for Oesophageal cancer (SANO) trial has shown that active surveillance may be feasible for selected patients who achieve clinical complete response (cCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Nevertheless, cCR remains an imperfect…