Intratumoral PD-1-directed IL-2 expression via oncolytic vaccinia virus elicits superior antitumor effects with enhanced safety

Background <p>Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment, offering new hope for patients with previously hard-to-treat cancers. However, many solid tumors are classified as non-inflamed, meaning they are less responsive to immunotherapies. This underscores the need for novel strategies to transform these non-inflamed tumors into immune-inflamed ones. Oncolytic viruses, particularly when engineered, hold promise for stimulating immune responses and transforming these tumors.…