Androgen deprivation, androgen receptor-targeted vaccination, and nivolumab in patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer

Background <p>In murine studies, we demonstrated that a DNA vaccine encoding the androgen receptor (pTVG-AR) given prior to androgen deprivation elicited prostate tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and an antitumor response. The current trial evaluated this approach, with or without programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) blockade, in patients with high-risk newly diagnosed prostate cancer.</p> Methods <p>In the first stage of a two-stage protocol,…