Therapeutic vaccination for active induction of T cell immunity against cancer, ready for a rich harvest after 40 years

<p>Therapeutic vaccines include DNA, mRNA, protein-loaded antigen-presenting cell, synthetic long peptide (SLP) and recombinant virus platforms. Only two therapeutic vaccines for neoplastic disease were approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the past 40 years: sipuleucel-T, approved in 2010 for hormone-resistant metastatic prostate cancer and targeting prostate acid phosphatase; and zopapogene imadenovec, approved in 2025 for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis,…