Intrapatient variation in PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden and implications for outcomes to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer

Abstract <p>The recent study by Di Federico <i>et al</i> provides valuable insights into the intrapatient heterogeneity of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its potential impact on responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This commentary examines several biological factors that may contribute to such variability, including cytokine signaling, metabolic changes…