Spatiotemporal dynamics of T cells in peripheral blood and tumor underlying differential responses to neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background <p>Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) blockade has shown promising clinical efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet the underlying immunological mechanisms governing response and resistance remain unclear. This study aimed to delineate the temporal and spatial dynamics of T-cell clonotypes and their relationship with pathological response in neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade therapy in HCC. By integrating T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analysis…